Washington, DC (May 31, 2022) – Last week, the United States Supreme Court issued an opinion undermining the capacity of federal courts to remedy wrongful convictions in state courts. In Shinn v. Ramirez, the Supreme Court upheld two death sentences despite a record of incompetence by state-appointed habeas counsel. The Court held, under Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 (AEDPA), that new evidence absent from the state court record – even if due to ineffective assistance of post-conviction counsel appointed by the state – could not be used in federal court to challenge potentially wrongful convictions.
In Shinn v. Ramirez, the United States Supreme Court held that a federal court "may not conduct an evidentiary hearing or otherwise consider evidence beyond the state-court record based on ineffective assistance of state post-conviction counsel." This 6-3 decision, authored by Justice Clarence Thomas, continues the decades long attack on the right of the wrongfully convicted to seek relief from federal courts. Specifically, the decision allows a state to provide an incompetent lawyer who fails to raise issues at the state level and later, after conviction, argue that the accused should not be able to raise those issues in federal court in a writ of habeas corpus because the incompetent lawyer provided by the state dropped the ball. In this case, the Supreme Court overturned decisions by lower courts allowing two Arizona men, facing death sentences, to present evidence of innocence and evidence of an extreme intellectual disability simply because their incompetent lawyers failed to investigate and present this evidence as the Constitution requires. Because of this decision, a state can, in effect, deprive an accused of the right to effective representation by appointing an incompetent lawyer and later defend a conviction resulting from that lawyer’s incompetence.
"The absurdity of this notion is second only to its inhumanity. In the name of finality, the Supreme Court not only tolerates but embraces two constitutionally flawed death decisions for two human beings," said NACDL President MartÃn Sabelli. "The Constitution, however, does not give states the rights to condemn and kill our brothers and sisters based on substandard work by the lawyers it appoints to defend them. The Court has yet again closed the door to those who may have been wrongfully condemned and it has done so despite the extreme incompetence reflected in the evidence which the state-appointed lawyers failed to investigate but which was later presented through a writ of habeas corpus. None of us would tolerate this absurdity in the most mundane matters, let alone where life and liberty are at stake. We therefore call on Congress to bring back to life the right of habeas corpus – the Great Writ – which has been eroded, attacked, and undermined over the last thirty years. The time has come to reverse the mistaken and inhumane approach of Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act of 1996 (AEDPA)."
Contacts
Kate Holden, Public Affairs and Communications Associate, (202) 465-7624 or kholden@nacdl.org
The National Association of Criminal Defense Lawyers is the preeminent organization advancing the mission of the criminal defense bar to ensure justice and due process for persons accused of crime or wrongdoing. A professional bar association founded in 1958, NACDL's many thousands of direct members in 28 countries – and 90 state, provincial and local affiliate organizations totaling up to 40,000 attorneys – include private criminal defense lawyers, public defenders, military defense counsel, law professors and judges committed to preserving fairness and promoting a rational and humane criminal legal system.
